Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behaviour, Interests, or Activities and Autism

There are various theories as to why autistic people have restricted and repetitive behaviours including:

Abnormalities in the brain anatomy and sensorimotor gating of autistic individuals
An attempt to increase sensory input. For example, rocking may be an attempt to stimulate the vestibular (balance) system. Hand flapping or finger flicking may be an attempt to stimulate the visual system.
An attempt to reduce sensory input and environmental stimulation. For example, focusing on a particular sound may reduce the impact of a loud and distressing environment.
A coping strategy for dealing with uncertainty and confusion. Particular subjects or objects may provide structure, order and predictability.
A coping strategy for dealing with stress, anxiety and possibly Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
The individual’s enjoyment of learning about a particular subject or gathering together items of interest.
A source of pleasure for individuals who have limited access to other sources of enjoyment
Medical conditions, including streptococcal infections
A self reinforcing strategy for dealing with some of the above, which becomes worse over time

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